速率模式飞轮姿态控制系统飞轮组合平稳切换方法

对速率模式飞轮姿态控制系统的能控性、稳定性和飞轮组合切换过程进行了研究，揭示了在飞轮组合切换过程中引起卫星姿态抖动的原因，提出了通过对残余角动量进行卸载并将卸载函数同时前馈到系统输入的方法，以保持卫星姿态的稳定度。从理论上证明了可引入残余角动量进行卸载，将卸载函数同时前馈到系统输入，并且不改变原系统的能控性和稳定性。给出了某卫星飞轮切换应用实例，说明了飞轮组合平稳切换方法的有效性。     

一种地月转移轨道中途修正的制导算法

针对地月转移轨道中途修正问题，提出了一种求解修正速度增量的制导算法。该算法由初值设计和精确解求解两部分组成。首先，利用伪状态理论，通过简单迭代设计中途修正的初值，并通过Vinti预报方法修正了地球扁率的影响。然后，在求解精确解时，提出了一种基于伪状态理论的状态转移矩阵解析算法。该算法通过设计高精度的初值，降低了求解地月转移轨道中途修正问题的难度，而且避免了传统数值方法计算状态转移矩阵的复杂性。数值仿真结果表明，该算法可有效求解中途修正问题。     

Methane pyrolysis in preparation of pyrolytic carbon: Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis by density functional theory

The density functional theory has been successfully applied in analyzing pyrolytic carbon deposition by methane pyrolysis from the view of thermodynamics and kinetics based on a total number of 39 elementary reactions. M06-2X/def2-TZVP level was employed to optimize species structures and locate the transition states. The enthalpy changes and Gibbs free energy changes of all the reactions in the temperature range of 298.15–1800 K were derived with optimized species. Results show that the reacting temperature should be above 1200 K based on the equilibrium constant analysis, which is consistent with the typical reaction temperature adopted in experiments. Potential energy surface profiles report that radical attacking reactions have lower energy barriers than those direct decomposition reactions, especially hydrogen radical attacking reactions. The energy barriers of the first steps, dehydrogenations of methane and ethylene, are 272.4 kJ·mol⁻¹ and 288.9 kJ·mol⁻¹ at 1200 K, which are very close to the experimental activation energy for methane pyrolysis. The most favorable decomposition reaction path is the path of hydrogen radical attacking reactions. The highest energy barrier of the path at 1200 K is 185.7 kJ·mol⁻¹ presented by the C–H bond breaking in ethynyl attacked by hydrogen radical.     

散射对高温气体-碳黑颗粒混合物辐射传输的影响

基于全光谱k分布(Full spectrum k distribution,FSK)模型、MIE理论和有限体积法(Finite volume method,FVM),构建了均温、均质辐射参与性气体-碳黑颗粒混合物介质热辐射传输模型,并分析了碳黑不同尺寸、不同体积浓度以及介质不同路径长度和不同温度条件下,因忽略碳黑颗粒散射所导致的介质热辐射传输特性(如辐射热流、辐射源项)的计算误差。研究结果表明:体积分数不变,增大粒径,计算误差呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;数密度不变,增大粒径,或者粒径不变,增大体积分数,均将使得计算误差相应增大;粒径、体积分数不变,增大路径长度,或者升高介质温度,均将增大计算误差。通常对于含有大颗粒、高碳黑浓度的辐射参与性气体-碳黑颗粒混合物介质,碳黑颗粒散射不能忽略。     

Quantitative assessment and visualization of flight risk induced by coupled multi-factor under icing conditions

Aircraft icing has been proven to be one of the most serious threats to flight safety. During the analysis of flight risk under icing conditions, quantitative assessment and visualization of flight risk are quite essential as they provide safe manipulation strategies in intricate conditions. However, they are rarely studied. Since the icing flight accidents are the result of the coupling of multiple unfavorable factors, in present study, we have proposed a method to quantitatively assess flight risk induced by multi-factor coupling under icing conditions by Monte-Carlo simulation and multivariate extreme value theory. The results demonstrate that the flight risk probability increases with the rise of unfavorable factors. Besides, a flight risk visualization method named flight safety window has been presented to build the flight risk distribution cloud maps in different complex conditions. The cloud maps show that the icing would give rise to atrophy of the safety scope, and the consequence would be even more severe when coupled with other more unfavorable factors. The proposed methods in this study would be useful in flight risk analysis under icing conditions and can enhance the pilot's situational awareness in selecting correct strategies within the safety zone to avoid unsafe manipulation.     

超静超稳卫星碰振动力学建模

针对分离式卫星载荷模块(PM)受到扰动时可能与服务模块(SM)发生碰撞的问题，综合音圈电机反电动势(back-EMF)和柔性线缆动力学的效应，基于牛顿欧拉法建立了分离式卫星(DFP)载荷模块动力学模型。基于Hertz接触理论，推导了分离式卫星碰撞过程中连续接触力模型，并分析了碰撞过程中产生的接触力对载荷模块指向精度和指向稳定度的影响。数值仿真结果表明，碰撞使得载荷模块指向精度和指向稳定度下降5个数量级，碰撞后载荷模块可再次恢复到超静超稳工作状态，恢复时间超过1400 s。本文建立的碰撞模型对研究分离式卫星碰撞规避和碰撞控制具有重要意义。     

轨控大干扰下的系统角动量管理

摘要： 针对利用角动量交换装置系统实现轨控期间姿态维持的情况，研究当轨控推力器存在大力矩扰动时系统角动量管理方法.结合对地运行航天器轨道运动特性，分析轨控干扰力矩的积累角动量变化规律；考虑角动量管理装置系统的角动量存贮容量，基于角动量积累规律提出了一种结合偏置角动量建立与对称分布轨控位置选择的系统角动量管理方法，实现了对称轨控位置积累角动量互相抵消的自平衡效果，极大程度地提高轨控效率且避免系统角动量饱和现象.所提出的方法适用于喷气欠驱动控制系统，方法的有效性通过了数学仿真验证及在轨型号应用.     

AP聚类改进免疫算法用于航空发动机故障诊断

在免疫算法训练过程中引入近邻传播(AP)聚类与熵权法,对训练样本进行聚类与权值计算,将权值引入免疫算法中样本选择阈值的计算,以解决训练过程采用固定选择阈值所造成的检测器在部分区域过拟合,部分区域欠拟合的问题。结果表明:改进的免疫算法用于典型非线性函数的寻优时,迭代性能均优于传统免疫算法,并在大部分情况下优于粒子群算法与量子遗传算法,在进行某型发动机故障诊断的实例实验时,改进后的算法的诊断准确率达到98.06%,高于传统免疫算法的92.60%。      

基于轨道角动量的电磁涡旋SAR成像新方法

为研究电磁涡旋波在合成孔径雷达(SAR)领域的应用潜力,验证电磁涡旋SAR成像的可行性,将电磁涡旋与合成孔径雷达模型结合,通过使用单一模式的轨道角动量,用合成孔径原理实现方位聚焦。给出了基于电磁涡旋的SAR几何模型和回波信号模型,并提出了适用于电磁涡旋SAR的改进chirp-scaling(CS)成像算法。通过点目标仿真分析,验证了所提成像算法的有效性。该方法可为SAR系统新体制设计及雷达的研究提供参考。     

叶片飞脱下转子动力学响应实验

为了研究大涵道比涡扇发动机叶片飞脱时动力学响应,更好地进行发动机安全性设计,根据相似理论设计了包含叶片飞脱装置的突加不平衡实验系统并进行了实验验证。研究结果表明:设计的突加不平衡实验系统,与某型验证机相似度高,代表性强,能够有效可控地进行突加不平衡实验,重复性好,机理清晰且飞脱不平衡量大,能够真实地模拟发动机叶片飞脱响应。通过实验发现,当大突加不平衡发生时,频谱出现超次谐波并且冲击系数由于挤压油膜阻尼器限幅作用并不呈现线性关系,因而在后续研究中还应注意限幅导致的碰摩问题。